Dual Regulation of Bulk Heterostructure and Engineered Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase in Vanadium Cathodes for Durable Zinc Storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Vanadium‐based cathodes for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) face critical challenges in practical capacity and low‐current‐density cycling stability. Herein, a synergistic strategy is introduced that overcomes these limitations through the co‐engineering of an activatable bulk precursor and a dynamic in situ‐formed interface. A porous, V 3+ ‐rich 0.3CaV 2 O 4 ‐0.7V 2 O 3 heterostructure (CaVO‐4) specifically designed to undergo a profound in situ electrochemical activation into highly active phases is first constructed. Concurrently, by leveraging supplemental SO 4 2− in the electrolyte, a stable CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer is formed in situ via reaction with Ca 2+ released during cycling. By serving a dual role, the CEI ensures structural durability and simultaneously enables the intrinsic kinetics of the bulk. This “bulk‐to‐interface” synergy manifests in electrochemical performance, including 89.3% capacity retention over 300 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 , an extraordinary rate capability of 424.4 mAh g −1 at 20 A g −1 , and a high specific capacity of 479.2 mAh g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 . Advanced characterizations, including in situ XRD and ex situ XPS/XAFS, combined with DFT calculations, unravel the synergistic mechanisms underpinning the enhanced Zn 2+ storage. This work pioneers a paradigm that unites rational bulk activation with interfacial self‐optimization, providing a strategy for durable, high‐performance cathodes in advanced energy storage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".