Whipple's disease in southern New Brunswick, Canada: A case series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: . An increased number of cases of this infectious disease have recently been noted by practitioners in southern New Brunswick, Canada. We analyzed a series of Whipple's disease cases so as to better understand factors that could contribute to its increased incidence in southern New Brunswick. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with Whipple's disease in the health zone surrounding Saint John, New Brunswick, between January 2020 and January 2024. Demographic data, medical histories, patient assessments, pertinent investigations, and clinical outcomes were reviewed for each case and extracted for further analysis. Results: A total of four cases of Whipple's disease were identified. The estimated annual incidence was 5.7 cases per 1 million during the study time frame - a value nearly six times greater than the incidence proposed in the literature. The four cases varied widely in terms of presenting clinical features. No unifying environmental exposure was immediately apparent among the identified patients. Conclusion: The recent incidence of Whipple's disease in southern New Brunswick is higher than expected based on existing literature. Whipple's disease has a predilection for White and elderly individuals, and these populations have higher prevalence in southern New Brunswick when compared to national averages. Environmental triggers of Whipple's disease have been previously described, and such a trigger may have been present among the study population. Large-scale epidemiologic studies are necessary to further assess possible demographic, environmental, and disease-related triggers of Whipple's disease in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".