A Low-Frequency Breast Cancer Detection Setup: An Experimental Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a novel low-frequency electromagnetic system for enhanced breast tumor detection. The proposed setup utilizes a loop array integrated with spiral resonators as a magnetic field-driven transmitter, and a metasurface antenna as the receiver. Operating at 200 MHz, this system achieves deeper tissue penetration due to its low frequency and enhances sensitivity to anomalies because of the conductivity contrast between tumor and healthy tissues under magnetic fields. The uniform illumination of the entire breast volume eliminates the need for mechanical scanning. Furthermore, integrating the loop array with the spiral resonators enhances the magnetic field strength, while the single-feed-point design simplifies the system. Numerical simulations were conducted using a realistic dense breast model, demonstrating that the proposed setup can detect tumors of various locations, sizes, and depths within the dense breast tissue. The complete system was fabricated, implemented, and validated through experimental measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".