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Record W4414092373 · doi:10.1561/3600000002

Hypothesis Testing with E-values

2025· article· en· W4414092373 on OpenAlexaff
Aaditya Ramdas, Ruodu Wang

Bibliographic record

VenueFoundations and Trends® in Statistics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicNeural Networks and Applications
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsStatistical hypothesis testingVariety (cybernetics)Null hypothesisAlternative hypothesisCore (optical fiber)Test statisticValue (mathematics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

An e-value is a nonnegative test statistic whose expected value is at most one under the null hypothesis. This monograph is written to offer a humble, but unified, treatment of e-values in hypothesis testing. The need for such a work at this time can be explained by at least four reasons: (a) e-values have been named, utilized, and studied as a stand-alone concept only in the last few years, and a large body of its potential users do not know what they are; (b) e-values are fundamental objects at the core of hypothesis testing and estimation, and they are both understudied and under-utilized; (c) several application domains in the natural and social sciences would benefit from knowing and adopting methodologies based on e-values in certain contexts to improve statistical efficiency and scientific reproducibility; (d) there has been an explosion of exciting research over the past few years, and hence the time is ripe to collate resources in a selfcontained and concise manner. This monograph is written to offer a humble, but unified, treatment of e-values in hypothesis testing. It is organized into three parts: Fundamental Concepts, Core Ideas, and Advanced Topics. The first part includes four chapters that introduce the basic concepts. The second part includes five chapters of core ideas such as universal inference, log-optimality, e-processes, operations on e-values, and e-values in multiple testing. The third part contains seven chapters of advanced topics. The monograph collates important results from a variety of modern papers on e-values and related concepts, and also contains many results not published elsewhere. It offers a coherent and comprehensive picture on a fast-growing research area, and is ready to use as the basis of a graduate course in statistics and related fields.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.573
Threshold uncertainty score0.219

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.305
Teacher spread0.265 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations12
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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