Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene through the dehydrogenation of 1,2‐butanediol over Cu/SiO <sub>2</sub> catalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents a hydrogen transfer reaction of 1,2‐butanediol (BDO) to nitrobenzene for the simultaneous production of 1‐hydroxy butanone and aniline over Cu/SiO 2 catalysts. A series of Cu supported SiO 2 catalysts with Cu loading up to 25 wt.% were prepared by the wet impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were further characterized by various characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR). The transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene through the dehydrogenation of BDO was effectively accomplished rather than hydrogenation of nitrobenzene via external hydrogen due to well dispersed copper nanoparticle on the surface of SiO 2 . The present strategy enables the production of two industrially important chemicals in a single step with stoichiometric amount of hydrogen source. Among the series of catalysts, 20 wt.% Cu/SiO 2 catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance (89% conversion of BDO and 85% conversion of nitrobenzene). The catalyst also shows very good stability for 9 h during the time‐on‐stream.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".