Invasion dynamics of <i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria in laboratory populations of the wasp, <i>Trichomalopsis sarcophagae</i> (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria common in diverse arthropod hosts. Infections are spread from infected mothers to their progeny via egg cytoplasm. Establishment and spread of infections are affected by the number of infected individuals invading the novel host population plus the effect of infections on the production of female progeny and mating behaviour. Here, we examined the ability of Wolbachia to establish and spread in populations of the parasitoid wasp Trichomalopsis sarcophagae (Gahan, 1914) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Uninfected females mated with infected males only produced male progeny and broods of smaller size, which was attributed to fertilized eggs developing as though male or failing to develop. All other mate combinations produced normal broods of similar size and sex ratio. Mate-choice tests showed that females mated once and showed no preference for infected or uninfected males. An experiment tracking the extinction or subsequent establishment and spread of Wolbachia infections in laboratory colonies for 20+ generations indicated an establishment threshold for infection prevalence of less than 10%. The existence of such a threshold, and its relatively low value, is broadly consistent with a simple mathematical model informed by the results from the experimental crosses and mate-choice tests. This is one of few experimental studies tracking the spread of Wolbachia infection in an insect species. It helps explain why Wolbachia is such a successful and widespread parasite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".