Migratory behaviour and natal origins of Atlantic salmon ( <i>Salmo salar</i> ) from the Nastapoka River (Quebec, Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resolving the migratory behaviour and population dynamics of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) in the Nastapoka River, a unique northern population located along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay (Quebec), is critical for population conservation. This study used otolith chemistry to elucidate the migration patterns and natal origins of salmon captured in this isolated system. The Nastapoka River has a 35 m waterfall that separates upstream landlocked salmon from downstream specimens whose migratory behavior remains unresolved. We identified two migratory groups; one exhibited short movements to brackish or marine environments, and the second group exhibited strictly freshwater residence. Migratory individuals had increased growth and Fulton condition compared to resident specimens. Our analyses also revealed two groups related to natal origin: upstream and downstream of the waterfall. Certain specimens captured downstream exhibited signatures indicative of upstream origin, suggesting potential population connectivity via occasional downstream drifting. This study highlights the coexistence of partial migration strategies within this population driven by environmental constraints and resource optimization. It also suggests that the population structure in Nastapoka River is still unresolved and requires more extensive studies to optimize its conservation, aiming at preserving this unusual unit of Atlantic salmon species in Northern Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".