An Ultra Compact and Fully-Integrated Tunable IR-UWB Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS for High-Density Neural Implants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a fully-CMOS, tunable impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter for high-density implantable neural recording systems. Fabricated in 28 nm CMOS technology, the transmitter features an ultra-compact edge-combining architecture based on a digitally tunable impulse response filter (IRF) occupying only 0.0027 mm 2. The measured output exhibits a central frequency of 4.5 GHz with a 10-dB bandwidth of 3.6 GHz, providing robust spectral performance. It achieves 1 GHz frequency tunability by adjusting pulse widths from 650 ps to 800 ps, ensuring compliance with FCC spectral masks. A current-starved ring VCO (CSRVCO), with a compact 150 µm 2 layout, serves as the clock source, offering wide frequency tuning, low power consumption, and enhanced output power. The transmitter employs On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation and delivers a peak output amplitude of 660 mV with up to 5.1% energy efficiency. At a 20 MHz pulse repetition rate, the transmitter consumes only 78 µW while producing −24.5 dBm of output power. Measurement results confirm compliance with FCC regulations and suitability for deeply implanted biomedical applications. The design achieves a competitive figure of merit (FoM) of 0.017 (mm 2 • pJ)/(b • V), demonstrating its scalability and efficiency compared to prior state-of-the-art solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".