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50 years of the Helsinki process and the 30th anniversary of the Budapest “guarantees”: The prospects for a new world order

2025· article· en· W4414123995 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueFOREIGN AFFAIRS · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGlobal Political and Economic Relations
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeopoliticsNegotiationPoliticsHuman rightsPrincipal (computer security)International relationsWorld War IICold war

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The 1st of August 2025 was the 50th anniversary of the signing in Helsinki (Republic of Finland), which was a landmark event in the political and security history not only of the European continent but also of the entire world, initiating the Helsinki Process and a system of international principles of coexistence. For decades to come, the rules and norms of behaviour in all spheres of human activity (international politics and military-political security, economy, environment and practical cooperation between countries and organisations, humanitarian sphere and human and minority rights in the broadest sense of these concepts) and the obligations of countries to each other and within international organisations throughout the European region were defined. The signing of this document was preceded by several years of negotiations by hundreds of diplomats, politicians and leaders from 35 countries in Europe, the USSR, the US and Canada. During the Cold War, which had been going on for more than a quarter of a century, the principal negotiators were the USSR and the USA, as well as their partner countries and satellites, which did not determine the content of the documents concluded, but played the role of stakeholders and ardent supporters of their patrons, the two main great powers, the geopolitical poles of the global bipolar system of international relations at that time. The main negotiating motivation of the USSR and its Eastern European satellites was to ensure their territorial integrity and legal fixation of the borders formed after the World War II

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.910
Threshold uncertainty score0.441

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.255
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it