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Representation of ethnic minorities in international relations as a problem of inclusive diplomacy in the 21st century

2025· article· en· W4414124191 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueFOREIGN AFFAIRS · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicInternational Business and FDI
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDiplomacyEthnic groupInternational relationsPoliticsForeign policyState (computer science)Face (sociological concept)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The aim of the study was to establish the role of ethnic minorities in the United States, Canada, Ukraine and Australia in the process of decision-making at the state level. The methods used included political and sociological analysis, historical comparative analysis, and statistical analysis. A historical analysis of the cultural diplomacy of the Crimean Tatars during the establishment of relations with Turkey revealed the importance of the ethnic factor in building diplomatic ties, in particular through a shared historical heritage, migration processes, and Turkey's current support for Ukraine's territorial integrity and the rights of the Crimean Tatar people in the international arena. Examples of multi-channel diplomacy by the United States and Canada demonstrated the importance of an institutionalised approach to involving ethnic minorities in the diplomatic service, which contributes to both internal social stability and the formation of an effective and culturally sensitive foreign policy capable of strengthening international ties in the face of global challenges. It was found that in the United States of America during the 20th century, the diplomatic service was predominantly composed of white Americans. As of 2024, only 27 diplomatic service employees with a political specialisation were Asian, Haitian, or indigenous, with another 10 marked as “multi-race” and 4 of unspecified origin, accounting for 6% of the country's population. In Canada, the government's policy of involving ethnic minorities in diplomacy has contributed to an increase in their share from 16.6% in 2017 to 23.7% in 2023. The systematic integration of ethnic minorities into decision-making and international affairs through diplomacy requires structural reforms and financial incentives. To ensure equal representation of ethnic minorities in diplomacy, it is necessary to implement comprehensive policies to overcome structural barriers, support professional development, and create transparent mechanisms for access to diplomatic careers, including international initiatives, national human resources strategies, scholarship and mentoring programmes, and formal recognition of the role of indigenous peoples in foreign policy processes. The results of this study can be applied in the development of inclusive diplomacy policies at the national level

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.862
Threshold uncertainty score0.270

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.281
Teacher spread0.267 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it