Remittances and the Labor Supply Choices of Recipient Households: Insights From Meta‐Regression Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This meta‐analysis investigates the impact of remittances on labor supply decisions in recipient households. Using 1811 estimates from 64 studies, we find that international remittances reduce labor force participation by 4.4 percentage points while domestic remittances reduce it by 2.2 percentage points. The decline in labor force participation is stronger in South Asia (−5.6 percentage points) than in other regions. In contrast, conditional on remaining in the labor force, the effect on hours worked is negligible. Although remittances lower participation across most employment types, they have no significant effect on the self‐employed. These findings highlight the complex economic implications of remittances, emphasizing the need for policies that foster labor market engagement and entrepreneurship. We also outline key directions for future research on this topic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.027 | 0.069 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.026 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".