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Record W4414141748 · doi:10.3390/machines13090835

The Digital Maturity of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean Region

2025· article· en· W4414141748 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueMachines · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicDigital Transformation in Industry
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec à Chicoutimi
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaMitacs
KeywordsMaturity (psychological)DigitizationCapability Maturity ModelContext (archaeology)Service Integration Maturity ModelIndustry 4.0

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study examines the digital maturity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of Industry 4.0. Despite growing awareness of the importance of digital transformation, many SMEs encounter structural and strategic challenges that impede their progress. Among their obstacles is the inadequacy of digital maturity models used to diagnose digital maturity levels in SMEs due to their typological, sectoral, geographical, and other specific characteristics. Using a constructivist and qualitative approach, we have developed a simplified, inclusive, and holistic assessment framework comprising six key dimensions (technology, culture, organization, people and human resources, strategic planning), associated with six progressive maturity levels. Our findings reveal that most SMEs studied in 2023 exhibit a beginner level of digital maturity. These enterprises are characterized by small-scale digital initiatives, often lacking a clear strategy, with limited or partial digitization of processes and heterogeneous technology adoption. The resulting self-assessment tool provides SMEs with practical guidance to launch, evaluate, and accelerate their digital transformation. This study contributes theoretically by proposing a practical digital maturity model and offering a tool to support SMEs and public policy. It highlights the need for tailored support, strategic alignment, and continuous training to unlock the full potential of Industry 4.0 in less urbanized and resource-constrained areas.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.437
Threshold uncertainty score0.231

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.220
Teacher spread0.210 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it