Analysis of the Effect of the Degree of Compaction on the Permanent Deformation of Recycled Unbound Base Layers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The accumulation of permanent deformation in unbound granular layers is a major contributor to rutting in flexible pavement systems. Adequate compaction of these layers is essential to mitigate rutting and ensure long-term performance. Although the importance of achieving compaction near the maximum dry density is widely recognized, the precise influence of the degree of compaction (DOC) remains insufficiently understood. This study presents a laboratory investigation on permanent deformation using cyclic triaxial testing of granular base materials composed of a 50/50 blend of virgin aggregates and recycled asphalt pavement. An analysis framework was developed to extract deformation model parameters based on the angular characteristics of strain accumulation relative to the number of load cycles at selected reference points. This method enables quantification of the combined effects of stress conditions and DOC on the rutting behavior of unbound recycled granular materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".