An experimental study of eccentrically loaded slender concrete masonry walls at full- and half-scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Provisions in international design standards for the axial capacity of slender concrete masonry wall (CMW) behaviour have been noted to be inaccurate. These inaccuracies may be conservative in some cases and unconservative in others. A limitation to the improvement of these provisions is the lack of CMW experimental data. Logistical issues associated with the size of full-scale specimens limits the experimental data available in the literature. Scaled specimens can reduce logistical constraints, but the behaviour of CMWs at scale is not well understood. To improve the understanding of scaled CMWs in the literature, 12 CMWs (6 full-scale, 6 half-scale) were built and tested in eccentric axial compression inducing symmetric single curvature, with e = t /3 for all specimens. Walls were tested 1 year after construction. Failure loads and lateral load-deflection profiles are provided for all specimens. The experimental data yield several key observations: increased variation in f’ m at half-scale (up to 9.9 %), and at 1 year compared to 28 days (up to 9.3 %); increased variability (3.2 %) in mortar joint thickness at half-scale; and similar behaviour at scale for all types of tested walls when accounting for expected variation in f’ m . A simplified test rig, eliminating the bottom roller typically used in slender CMW testing, was used in the test. The simplified test rig was found to induce no membrane action in all walls with h / t = 20 and is recommended for slender CMW testing due to its increased constructability. • 12 concrete masonry walls tested in eccentric axial compression at full, half scale. • Walls tested at 1 year of age; failure loads, load-deflection data provided. • Increased COV in grout, prism strengths noted at half scale and 1 year • No scale effects at half scale for masonry walls in eccentric axial compression. • Simplified test rig recommended for walls with h/t ≥ 20.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".