Thulium Fiber Laser: Long Pulse Width as an Independent Risk Factor for Excessive Heat Generation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Laser dosimetry selection is utilized to reduce stone retropulsion. Diode-pumped thulium fiber lasers (TFLs) allow for increased pulse energy by lengthening the pulse width. As pulse width lengthens, thermal diffusion has the potential to increase temperature generation outside of an irradiated target. We test the hypothesis that extending the TFL pulse duration longer than the thermal relaxation time poses an independent risk for increased nonspecific heat generation. Methods: A two-dimensional numerical simulation of TFL thermal confinement was performed. Energy output and pulse duration of the SOLTIVE Premium-SuperPulsed TFL were measured. Pulse energies (1.5 J) were selected for pulse durations shorter and longer than thermal relaxation time. Temperature was measured by thermocouple positioned 1 cm lateral to the fiber tip. We compared temperature increases in vitro for identical dosimetries (1.5 J at 20 Hz for 300 seconds) for short (3.1 ms) vs long (11.8 ms) pulse durations. Results: TFL thermal confinement time was calculated at 11.4 ms. For any given preset (short or long), pulse width (duration) increased as pulse energy increased. For any given pulse energy, pulse duration was 3 to 4 times longer comparing short vs long presets. For both short and long pulse settings, temperature increased as total energy increased. The maximum temperature achieved for the long pulse width was 79.6°C vs 71.8°C for the short-width arm ( p = 0.002). Conclusion: TFL pulse duration longer than the thermal relaxation time poses an independent risk for increased nonspecific heat generation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".