Delayed Inflammatory Hypermetabolism in Meningioma After Immunotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a case of malignant melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, resulting in hypermetabolic activity in 2 meningiomas on FDG-PET, initially suggesting brain metastases. The lesions demonstrated no hypermetabolism pretreatment, faint hypermetabolism 1 month after immunotherapy discontinuation, intense hypermetabolism 2 months posttreatment, and complete resolution 6 months posttreatment. This case exemplifies delayed immune-related adverse events (DIREs), where inflammatory reactions can manifest weeks to months after immunotherapy cessation. The temporal pattern aligns with recent reports that immune-related adverse events can occur in up to 10.8% of patients more than 12 months after initial checkpoint inhibitor exposure. This case highlights the potential for false-positive FDG uptake in benign meningiomas postimmunotherapy, emphasizing the importance of recognizing delayed inflammatory reactions to avoid misdiagnosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".