Examination of Theory of Mind, Cognitive Functions and Acute Period Clinical Features in Patients Diagnosed With Substance Use-Related Psychotic Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction There are recent studies examining the cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, social cognitive characteristics (Terms of Theory of Mind) and acute symptoms of patients with substance-induced psychosis, as well as varying effects of different substances on development of psychosis (Beckmann et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatr CNA.2020;131-143). Objectives It was aimed to examine sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms in acute psychotic period, cognitive functions, social cognition characteristics of hospitalized patients diagnosed with substance related psychosis; compare the severity of clinical symptoms, improvement in acute period symptoms with treatment, cognitive functions and social cognitions according to substance (methamphetamine, cannabis, polydrug). Methods 34 hospitalized patients in acute psychotic episode diagnosed with Substance-Induced Psychosis according to DSM-5 were included in study. Socidemographic Data Form, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Stroop Test, Calgary Schizophrenia Depression Scale and every 3 days during the treatment PANSS (Positive Negative Syndrome Scale) were administered. Statistical analyses done with R program. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare numerical variables between groups. For the significant differences between groups, Bonferroni correction was applied in post hoc analyses. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables. Results It was determined that drug-induced psychosis patients were mostly male, unemployed, young adults, started using drugs before the age of 18, lived in irregular urban areas. Methamphetamine, cannabis and polydrug-related psychosis were compared; There was no difference in cognitive functions and social cognition characteristics between all groups. At the end of treatment, it was observed that the rate of improvement in positive and negative symptoms and the decrease in PANSS scores were greatest in methamphetamine group, there was no difference between cannabis and polydrug groups. We found that PANSS and negative symptom severity before starting treatment were not different between methamphetamine and cannabis, and initial positive symptoms were more severe in methamphetamine than cannabis. Conclusions Methamphetamine group showed greater improvements in positive and negative symptoms and total PANSS scores compared to cannabis and polydrug. The fact that there was less improvement in cannabis group than in methamphetamine group supports the data in the literature identifying the relationship between cannabis and chronic psychosis (D’Souza et al, The World Journal of BP, 2022, 719–742). No difference was found between social cognitions and cognitive functions of 3 groups. Keywords Drug Induced Psychosis, Methamphetamine, Cannabis, Theory of Mind. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".