Investigation of Polyphenol Composition and the Bioactivities of Shoots, Seeds, and Skins of Georgian Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Varieties
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Grape-derived products constitute a significant and affordable source of natural bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols. Regular consumption of these substances is associated with reduced cases of various degenerative and long-term illnesses, largely due to their potent antioxidant properties that combat oxidative stress. This study aimed to explore the phenolic composition of grape-derived products from three Georgian grape varieties and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Methods: Phenolic compounds were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and the DCFH-DA assay on WS1 human fibroblasts were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via nitrite quantification in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with extracts. Results: Saperavi seeds demonstrated highest value for phenolic composition, as well as antioxidant activity with an IC₂⁽ value of 18 μg/mL and ORAC of 0.9 μmol TE/mg. Anti-inflammatory properties were most prominent in seed extracts of Kisi (53% inhibition), Rkatsiteli (41.7%), and Saperavi (39.5%). Discussion: Polyphenol profiles varied by grape tissue; Saperavi seeds were rich in flavanols, while skins contained anthocyanins, such as delphinidin-3-O-glucoside. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities also differed by variety; notably, Kisi seeds showed highest NO inhibition. These results highlighted tissue- and variety-dependent polyphenol distribution and bioactivity. Conclusion: Grape-derived products, particularly seeds and skins, are rich in polyphenols with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This evidence valorizes grape by-products as sustainable sources of natural bioactives suitable for functional food and pharmaceutical applications. conclusion: Grape-derived products, particularly seeds and skins, are rich in diverse phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings support the valorization of grape by-products as sustainable sources of natural bioactives for functional food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it