A coupled nonlinear long-term consolidation and solute transport model for PVD-enhanced flushing remediation analysis of multilayered contaminated soils
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The remediation of contaminated fine-grained soils through flushing, enhanced by prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs), involves a complex coupled process of axisymmetric consolidation and solute transport. However, existing models often oversimplify these interactions and fail to accurately capture real vacuum pressure boundary conditions. This study presents a coupled nonlinear model that integrates PVD-assisted consolidation and solute transport for multilayered contaminated soils. The governing equations are solved using the finite difference method, and the numerical solution is validated against first analytical solutions for simplified axisymmetric models, then soil-flushing experiments and consolidation-induced solute transport tests. Furthermore, the developed model is applied to assess the effects of key engineering design parameters, including vacuum pressure in PVD, PVD spacing, and PVD penetration length, on clean-up efficiency. Parametric analyses indicate that increasing vacuum pressure and reducing the PVD spacing can improve the clean-up efficiency along the radial direction. However, the treatment depth cannot be significantly enhanced by merely increasing vacuum pressure or reducing the PVD spacings. These findings provide insights into optimizing the design of PVD-enhanced soil flushing systems.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it