Spatial distribution of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI and metabolic PET in the human brain
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate is a promising method for measuring cerebral energy metabolism in vivo. The substantial increase in signal provided by HP makes it possible to dynamically monitor the conversion of [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate. The HP [1-13C]lactate signal is commonly associated with glycolic activity, whereas [13C]bicarbonate, a by-product of the reaction that forms acetyl-CoA, is linked to oxidative metabolism. However, there is compelling evidence that other factors, such as the concentration of monocarboxylate transporters, influence the production of HP [1-13C]lactate. To clarify the processes responsible for producing the topography of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and its metabolites, we spatially correlated group-average HP 13C MRI images with [18F]FDG, [15O]H2O, [15O]O2, and [15O]CO positron emission topography (PET) images from a separate group of 35 age- and sex-matched adults. We found that [1-13C]pyruvate correlated best with cerebral blood volume (CBV), whereas [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate were most strongly associated with cerebral blood flow (CBF), glucose consumption (CMRglc), and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2). Neither [1-13C]lactate nor [13C]bicarbonate was correlated with non-oxidative glucose consumption, also known as aerobic glycolysis. These results are consistent with the view that in the healthy brain, the production of [1-13C]lactate reflects overall energy metabolism rather than being specific to glycolysis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it