MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4414195141 · doi:10.1038/s44303-025-00101-2

Post Pandemic Problem, is there an animal model suitable to investigate PASC

2025· review· en· W4414195141 on OpenAlexaff
Julia van der Bie, Anthony Coléon, Denise Visser, Willy Bogers, Jeroen den Dunnen, Henri M.H. Spronk, Jan A. M. Langermans, Hanneke L.D.M. Willemen, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Jinte Middeldorp, Marieke A. Stammes

Bibliographic record

Venuenpj Imaging · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicLong-Term Effects of COVID-19
Canadian institutionsInstitute of Infection and Immunity
FundersZonMw
KeywordsPandemicAnimal modelReplicateModalitiesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Although the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a global health emergency, many patients still suffer from long-term effects, known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. Understanding its complex pathophysiology requires animal models replicating the post-acute phase, which may aid in developing, the urgently needed, therapeutics. Our review assessed and summarized 81 studies from 1979 manuscripts. In addition, a second table summarizing the imaging findings of 26 studies related to this topic was added, based on a separate literature search of 797 manuscripts. In humans a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the sequelae and possible development of PASC is heterogenic. The same holds true for experimental animal models. While several models are suitable to address different research questions, no single model can fully replicate all aspects of PASC. Imaging plays a crucial role in visualizing these aspects, especially since questionnaires, the primary diagnostic tool in humans, cannot be used in animals. Thus, imaging allows the investigation of pathophysiology in a controlled setting, offering valuable insights. This review summarizes the available animal models and imaging modalities used in PASC research. Our aim is to provide researchers with guidance on selecting the most appropriate model and imaging technique to address their specific research questions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.871
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.369
Teacher spread0.332 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venuenpj ImagingSame topicLong-Term Effects of COVID-19French-language works237,207