Effect of Final Abutment Timing on Immediate Implant Success in Anterior Maxilla: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the impact of early versus delayed change of abutment on bone levels, soft tissue, and patient satisfaction with single-tooth immediate implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 26 patients, flapless immediate implants were placed in the anterior maxillary region (13-23). Postoperatively, all patients received a resin abutment with an emergence profile identical to that of the extracted tooth and were provided with a provisional resin crown. Based on the provisional abutment, a custom digital copy abutment made of zirconium with a titanium adapter was manufactured. The patients were randomized into two groups: the test group received the definitive zirconia abutment after 4 days, while the control group had the abutment changed after 3 months. In both groups, the definitive ceramic crowns were inserted 3 months post-surgery. The primary study outcome was the marginal bone level after 1 year, with peri-implant soft tissue (PES/Pink Esthetic Score) and oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP/Oral Health Impact Profile) defined as secondary parameters. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences for initial bone level remodeling or later bone loss were found between both groups after 1 year. Two prosthetic complications (one per group) required abutment replacement, but no implant failures occurred. Mean marginal bone levels were 0.71 ± 0.95 mm (mesial: 0.55 ± 0.97 mm, distal: 0.86 ± 1.07 mm) in the test group and 0.22 ± 0.93 mm (mesial: 0.15 ± 1.10 mm, distal: 0.30 ± 0.89 mm) in the control group. The Pink Esthetic Score (PES) was 11.9 ± 1.6 in the test group and 10.62 ± 2.87 in the control group (p = 0.39), showing no significant difference in esthetic outcomes. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) score at 6 months was also not statistically significant for both groups. CONCLUSION: In immediate implants in the anterior maxilla, the timing of definitive zirconia abutment placement (4 days versus after 3 months) did not result in any statistically significant differences in peri-implant bone level, peri-implant esthetics, or patient-related quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".