Development of a model-agnostic isotope tracer simulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The simulation of stable isotope compositions of modelled water storages and flows has demonstrated value in hydrological model verification, benchmarking, and calibration. However, to realize these benefits, an isotope tracer model must be linked to the hydrological model. An open-source model-agnostic isotope tracer simulator (MAITsim) has been developed which can be linked to different hydrological models, removing the need to write specific tracer simulators. This numerically stable simulator for both δ18O and δ2H is compatible with unidirectional flux-state hydrological models, without predetermined spatial divisions or process representation. MAITsim is compared to a published embedded isotope tracer model, verifying the equivalence of the simulated isotope compositions and is tested on conceptual models of variable structure. This post-processor model reduces the barriers to entry into isotope tracer simulation, allowing more models to benefit from the added information that isotope tracers can provide on hydrological processes and flow sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".