Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women and neonates from Haikou, China: implications for vaccine development and antimicrobial stewardship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of pregnancy complication and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing regions. Despite its clinical importance, data on the molecular epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors of GBS in tropical regions are scarce. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of GBS strains from pregnant women and neonates in Haikou, a tropical city in China, via antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Our results grouped the 138 strains of GBS into seven serotypes and 28 multilocus sequence types (STs). These STs belonged to six clonal complexes (CCs). High antibiotic resistance rates were observed for tetracycline (89.1%) and clindamycin (55.1%) and the commonly detected resistance genes included mreA (100%), ermB (52.9%) and tetM (41.3%). Each strain contained at least one Pili-island (PI) gene and the capsular polysaccharide antigen among the GBS isolates were variably associated with CCs. All strains carried virulence genes cfb and cylE , followed by pavA (99.3%), and lmb (66.7%) etc. Our analyses showed ST862 as a dominant and potentially zoonotic genotype in Haikou, China, with implications for both human and animal health. The high prevalence of tetracycline and clindamycin resistance underscores the need for judicious antibiotic use and the development of region-specific antibiotic treatment guidelines. The discovery of novel STs and broad distributions of several virulence factors provide valuable insights for future vaccine development and targeted interventions in this region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".