Multi-Level In-Situ Measurements During a Direct Hit by a Significant Tornado
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A rare direct hit by a significant tornado on a weather station is documented, with a peak 1-s wind gust of 53.1 m/s (191.2 km/h) and a surface pressure deficit of 16.0 hPa recorded. Even more uncommon is that the weather station made measurements at four levels (3, 40, 60 and 80 m). For the first time, a low-level tornado wind profile is constructed based on in-situ measurements below 100 m, including peak 1-s wind speeds at three levels at or above 40 m and an estimated peak wind speed at 3 m derived from the surface pressure deficit. This wind profile supports a previously published, mobile radar-based theory that tornado wind speeds generally increase toward ground level, where the vast majority of tornado damage is caused.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".