Analysis of the Characteristics, Causes and Governance of the ‘Involutionary’ Competition in China’s Industrial Enterprises
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently, the intensification of ‘involutionary’ competition among Chinese industrial enterprises is starkly evidenced by declining corporate profit growth rates, lower industrial capacity utilization, and impaired macroeconomic growth engines. This escalation is inextricably linked to mounting downward pressure on the macroeconomy amid shifting internal and external environments. However, its root cause lies in the behavioral resonance of three key economic actors—households, enterprises and the government under transitional stress. The adaptive actions of these actors, constrained by their respective limitations, have trapped industries in low-level competition through a vicious cycle from ‘demand contraction to supply inefficacy and ultimately policy failure’. This paper proposes a coordinated three-pronged approach, that is boosting household income, optimizing corporate supply-side responses, and refining government policies, to holistically rebalance market supply-demand dynamics, foster a virtuous economic cycle, and ultimately break the intensifying ‘involutionary’ competition trap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".