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Record W4414249565 · doi:10.5539/ibr.v18n5p35

Analysis of the Characteristics, Causes and Governance of the ‘Involutionary’ Competition in China’s Industrial Enterprises

2025· article· en· W4414249565 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Business Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicRegional Development and Environment
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCorporate governanceCompetition (biology)Virtuous circle and vicious circleProfit (economics)Government (linguistics)Industrial policyDominance (genetics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Currently, the intensification of ‘involutionary’ competition among Chinese industrial enterprises is starkly evidenced by declining corporate profit growth rates, lower industrial capacity utilization, and impaired macroeconomic growth engines. This escalation is inextricably linked to mounting downward pressure on the macroeconomy amid shifting internal and external environments. However, its root cause lies in the behavioral resonance of three key economic actors—households, enterprises and the government under transitional stress. The adaptive actions of these actors, constrained by their respective limitations, have trapped industries in low-level competition through a vicious cycle from ‘demand contraction to supply inefficacy and ultimately policy failure’. This paper proposes a coordinated three-pronged approach, that is boosting household income, optimizing corporate supply-side responses, and refining government policies, to holistically rebalance market supply-demand dynamics, foster a virtuous economic cycle, and ultimately break the intensifying ‘involutionary’ competition trap.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.018
Threshold uncertainty score0.737

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.345
Teacher spread0.292 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it