Associations between suicide attempts and clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory markers in Chinese patients with long-term schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Suicide attempt (SA) is common among patients with long-term schizophrenia (SCZ), but the mechanisms underlying its occurrence remain incompletely understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between SA and clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory markers in Chinese patients with SCZ. Methods This study enrolled 299 patients with SCZ. SA, psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia were evaluated through standardized questions, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. In addition, we measured metabolic parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fasting insulin (FI), along with inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Univariate analyses (chi-square test, the independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U-test) were followed by multivariable logistic regression (“Forward: LR”) to identify independent risk factors for SA. Log10-transformed values were applied to inflammatory-cytokine data to approximate normal distribution. All analyses were performed in SPSS 23.0; P < 0.05 (two-sided) was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of SA in patients with SCZ was 22.7%. Patients in the SA group had a higher proportion of females, more severe depressive symptoms, and higher levels of TC, TG, Log IL-1β, and Log IL-6 (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that gender (OR = 0.239, 95% CI = 0.127 - 0.450, P < 0.001), CDSS total score (OR = 1.250, 95% CI = 1.146 - 1.364, P < 0.001), TC (OR = 1.682, 95% CI = 1.178 - 2.402, P = 0.004), and Log IL-1β (OR = 2.225, 95% CI = 1.114 - 4.564, P = 0.024) were independent correlates of SA. Conclusions Female gender, greater depressive severity, and elevated metabolic and proinflammatory markers (specifically TC and IL-1β) were independently associated with increased risk of SA in Chinese patients with long-term SCZ. These findings suggest that future interventions targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways may hold promise for preventing SA in this population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".