Total liquid ventilation in a porcine model of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome using a new generation of liquid ventilator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Total liquid ventilation (TLV) has been experimentally proposed as an alternative treatment for the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Recent technological advances have led to the evaluation of a TLV prototype in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest. Here, our goal was to determine whether a derived version of this prototype, so-called LV4B ( liquid ventilation for breathing ), could be used for normothermic TLV in a swine model of severe ARDS. Methods Swine were anesthetized and instrumented for respiratory and hemodynamic evaluation. ARDS was induced by one or two administrations of oleic acid (0.1 mg/kg), until reaching a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 100 mmHg. After ARDS induction, animals were allocated to undergo 60 min of either gas ventilation continuation (Control group) or TLV using a prototype that continuously controls respiratory rate (RR), liquid tidal volume (LqVt) and end-expiratory liquid volume (EELqV, respectively). Perfluorooctyl bromide was used as breathable liquid. Results After ARDS induction and group allocation, 2/5 animals (40%) survived in the Control groups versus 5/5 in the TLV group (100%). In the Control group, premature deaths were related to sustained hypoxemia (PaO 2 < 50 mmHg) with hemodynamic failure. Surviving animals presented a trend toward better oxygenation in TLV versus Control, without achieving statistical significance due to the low number of survivors in the Control group. PaCO 2 , blood pH, lactate levels, or pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics were not different between groups in survivors. In the TLV group, the average LqVt, EELqV, and respiratory rate (RR) were 12.6 ± 0.4 mL/kg, 22.9 ± 2.9 mL/kg, and 5.3 ± 0.5 breath/min (mean ± SEM) at the end of the procedure, respectively. In all animals, pulmonary debris were washed out from the lung and collected by the TLV device throughout the procedure. After necropsy, histopathological examination demonstrated a significantly lower extent of inflammatory and congestion lesions in TLV versus Control. Conclusions TLV with a liquid ventilator controlling EELqV, RR and LqVt is feasible and safe in large animals in a severe model of ARDS. This opens promising perspectives and warrants further investigation, including prolonged treatment durations and long-term follow-up.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".