Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire: Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability Evidence for 4–12-Year-Old Greek Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study adapted the Physical literacy in children questionnaire (PL-C Quest) for Greek children (4–12 years; N = 552, Mage = 9.2 ± 2.2 years) and conducted comprehensive psychometric analyses: (1) Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested a four-domain model (physical, psychological, social, cognitive) with higher-order factor (physical literacy); (2) Multi-group CFA examined measurement invariance across sexes; (3) convergent validity was assessed through Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability, with additional Pearson’s correlations against the Canadian Assessment of Physical literacy-2 scores (n = 90); (4) discriminant validity was evaluated via AVE comparisons; (5) Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate internal consistency; and (6) test–retest reliability was determined through Interclass Correlation Coefficient in a subsample (n = 120). Results supported the model’s adequate fit, measurement invariance, and moderate convergent validity. While discriminant validity was limited, reliability metrics were strong. The PL-C Quest (Greek) demonstrates adequate psychometric properties for assessing perceived physical literacy, facilitating monitoring and program evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".