Phagocytic podosomes enable efficient uptake of <i>Candida auris</i> by primary human macrophages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The yeast Candida auris is an emerging pathogen of steadily increasing importance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of C. auris uptake and intracellular processing by immune cells such as macrophages is thus critical for counteracting the spreading of respective infections. Here, we show that phagocytosis of C. auris cells by primary human macrophages involves the formation of dot-like F-actin-rich structures at C. auris -containing phagosomes that we characterize as phagocytic podosomes. We analyse the composition, architecture, and dynamics of these structures, showing that they constitute a specific and highly dynamic adaptation of the phagocytic actin network of macrophages. We also show that disruption of phagocytic podosomes is associated with reduced internalization of C. auris cells and delayed maturation of respective phagosomes. Our data provide novel insights into the uptake mechanism and cytoskeletal rearrangements upon internalization of Candida by immune cells, while also challenging the dogma of a generally uniform and continuous actin network within phagocytic cups. At the same time, we identify C. auris as the first pathophysiologically relevant target whose internalization involves the formation of phagocytic podosomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".