Tender X-ray diffraction anomalous fine structure spectroscopy applied to the study of PbSc <sub>0.5</sub> Nb <sub>0.5</sub> O <sub>3</sub> relaxor ferroelectric oxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diffraction anomalous fine structure spectroscopy (DAFS) is a well established technique for characterizing the local structure of elements embedded in complex interfaces and templates when crystallographic and/or site selectivity is needed. DAFS has been effectively applied in the hard X-ray range, where reciprocal space is extended and the absorption edges of the chemical elements are usually well spaced. In this work, we extend the use of DAFS to the tender X-ray range. This energy range is important since it includes the L -edges of second row transition metal elements, which are constituents of functional oxide materials; and some important edges for semiconductors. We present a study of the Nb L -edges in PbSc 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 relaxor ferroelectric oxide, where the use of superstructure reflections provides access to the ordered part of the sample.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".