Sabinene confers protection against cerebral ischemia in rats: potential roles of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and astrocyte-neurotrophic support
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Ischemic stroke is a chronic neurological disorder that causes death and disability worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that extravasations of substrates alter astrocytic and neurotrophic activity through oxidative and inflammatory pathways, with significant implications for the severity of ischemic stroke. Hence, agents with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may benefit disease treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the anti-stroke properties of sabinene, a monoterpene compound with neuroprotective properties, in rats with bilateral common-carotid artery occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAO/R)-induced cerebral ischemia. Male rats, grouped into sham, BCCAO/R, sabinene (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and rivaroxaban (2.5 mg/kg) cohorts, underwent 30 min of BCCAO and 24 h of reperfusion. The consequences on neurological scores, motor activity and coordination, peripheral glucose, neurochemical enzyme - acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative, nitrergic, and inflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, which are critically affected during ischemic stroke, were characterized. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), indicative of astrocytic dysfunction and synaptopathy, were investigated in these brain regions. RESULTS: BCCAO/R significantly induced neurological deficits, motor and cognitive impairments, which were reversed by sabinene relative to the BCCAO/R group. Biochemical assays revealed that sabinene increased glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidants in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, alongside decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite contents in these brain regions. Sabinene reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, accompanied by increased BDNF in the three brain regions. BCCAO/R-induced upregulation of GFAP concentrations was most notably reduced in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. DISCUSSION: Sabinene protects the brain against BCCAO/R-induced stroke in rats via antioxidants, anti-inflammatory effects, and astrocyte-neurotrophic support.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".