Impacts of abiotic stresses on cotton physiology and vigor under current and future CO2 levels
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Cotton cultivars are sensitive to abiotic stress during the vegetative stage. • Stresses and CO 2 levels significantly influence the expression of physiology and phenotypic traits. • Elevated CO 2 partially mitigated stress-induced damage to biomass under heat, salt, and drought. Elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton ( Gossypium spp.) growth and development. However, understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO 2 levels has been limited. This study quantified the impacts of chilling (CS, 22/14°C, day/night temperature), heat (HS, 38/30°C), drought (DS, 50% irrigation of the control), and salt (SS, 8 dS m -1 ) stresses on pigments, physiology, growth, and development of fourteen upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO 2 (aCO 2 , 420 ppm; current) and eCO 2 (700 ppm; future) levels during the vegetative stage. The eCO 2 partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments, physiological, growth, and development traits, except CS. For instance, HS at aCO 2 significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36% compared with non-stressed plants at aCO 2 . However, HS at eCO 2 significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18% compared with HS at aCO 2 . The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO 2 but two days earlier under SS at eCO 2 than non-stressed plants at aCO 2 . Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses, except for CS, at the eCO 2 compared with similar stresses at the aCO 2 . Most growth and development traits, including plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry mass, displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO 2 and eCO 2 under all environments except CS. Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments. Further, results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO 2 levels. This study highlights the need to consider eCO 2 in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it