Brassinin Induces H2S Signals and Improves Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brassinin, a sulfur-containing phytoalexin, exerts anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gasotransmitter with significant cardioprotective properties. The effects of brassinin on H2S signaling and vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) functions remain unexplored. This study found that brassinin protected against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced SMC dysfunctions. These effects included the attenuation of excessive cell proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress; and upregulation of smooth muscle contractile protein expressions; and down-regulation of inflammatory gene expressions. Notably, brassinin did not directly release H2S under the tested conditions; instead, it stimulated endogenous H2S synthesis in cultured SMCs by inducing the expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), a key H2S-generating enzyme. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that brassinin may bind to the transcription factor C/EBPβ and enhance its interaction with the CSE promoter, thereby upregulating CSE transcription. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that brassinin protects against SMC dysfunction, at least in part, by activating H2S signaling rather than acting as a direct H2S donor. These results provide new insights into the potential of brassinin as a therapeutic agent for improving vascular health and preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".