A haplotype-phased male genome sequence of the stinging nettle, <i>Urtica dioica</i> ssp. <i>dioica</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica L.) is a widespread weed of economic significance with a dioecious mating system. Previously, we generated a high-quality genome assembly of a diploid female plant, which showed extreme levels of structural variation between haplotypes. Here, we present a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved sequence of a diploid male plant; since the male is believed to be the heterogametic sex in Urtica dioica , this assembly represents a first step towards elucidating the control of sex determination in this species. This completely independently assembled genome also allows confirmation of previously reported features of the nettle genome, including (1) a high degree of structural variation between haplotypes, including large inversions, (2) the likely existence of polycentric centromeres, and (3) the presence of urticaceous pain peptide sequences. Chromosome 8 stands out for its multiple large, nested inversions and high levels of repetitive sequences, features that are often associated with sex determining regions (SDRs). This chromosome is therefore a candidate for further investigations to characterize the sex determination in nettle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".