Glucuronoyl Esterase of Pathogenic <i>Phanerochaete carnosa</i> Induces Immune Responses in Aspen Independently of Its Enzymatic Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Microbial enzymes expressed in plants add new functionalities but occasionally trigger undesirable immune responses. Phanerochaete carnosa glucuronoyl esterase ( Pc GCE) hydrolyses the bond between lignin and 4‐ O ‐methyl‐α‐D‐glucuronic acid substituent of glucuronoxylan. Pc GCE constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis or hybrid aspen ( Populus tremula × tremuloides ) improved saccharification but also induced premature leaf senescence. To understand what triggered this senescence, we characterised Pc GCE‐expressing hybrid aspen by microscopy and omics approaches, supplemented by grafting and recombinant protein application experiments. Pc GCE induced massive immune responses followed by senescence in the leaves. Expressing an inactive ( Pc GCE S217A ) enzyme has led to similar phenotypes, excluding a possibility that damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by glucuronoyl esterase triggered immune responses. Grafting experiments showed that Pc GCE transcripts are not mobile but they induce systemic responses. Recombinant Pc GCE protein applied to leaves did not induce such responses; thus, Pc GCE is probably not perceived as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP). We suggest that the observed high expression of PcGCE from the 35S promoter triggers the unfolded protein response. Indeed, restricting PcGCE expression to short‐lived xylem cells by using the wood‐specific promoter avoided all detrimental effects. Thus, wood‐specific expression is a viable strategy for PcGCE deployment in planta , which might be applicable for other stress‐inducing proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".