Homogeneous equiaxed high-strength GH4169 components fabricated by synchronous-hot-forging-assisted laser-directed energy deposition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Synchronous-hot-forging-assisted promotes the formation of homogeneous equiaxed fine grains in LDED GH4169 components. • Synchronous-hot-forging-assisted enhanced the UTS and YS of GH4169 components, with the average UTS reaching a maximum value of 1175.1 MPa. • The microstructure and properties of GH4169 components were systematically investigated after synchronous-hot-forging-assisted. Laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) technology has demonstrated great potential for the rapid and integrated fabrication of nickel-based superalloy components. The plastic deformation-assisted method is crucial for achieving grain refinement and microstructural homogeneity in LDED-fabricated superalloys. However, existing methods suffer from uniformity constraints owing to their high deformation resistance, which significantly limits their application in load-bearing components. To address these issues, a synchronous-hot-forging-assisted (SHFA) LDED additive manufacturing method was proposed, and its effects on the macroscopic morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of GH4169 nickel-based alloy specimens were systematically compared. The results demonstrated up to 30.1% average plastic deformation in hot-forging components while maintaining good surface flatness. The synergistic effect of dislocation accumulation and dynamic recrystallization during hot forging enables dramatic grain refinement, reducing the average grain size by 89.1% (from 168.5 μm to 18.4 μm) while weakening texture intensity from 15.31 to 2.15, ultimately promoting equiaxed grain formation. The pores of hot-forging components changed from fine round to flat, the porosity decreased from 0.264% to 0.089%, and the densification level was significantly improved. With the increase in the synchronous hot-forging force, the average ultimate tensile strength of hot-forging components can reach 1175.1 MPa, while the anisotropy difference is gradually weakened. The SHFA-LDED process not only achieves excellent grain refinement and microstructure homogenization but also enhances mechanical properties, providing a new technical path for the additive manufacturing of high-performance nickel-based superalloy components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".