Dysmorphic neurons express markers of inhibitory glycinergic signaling in focal cortical dysplasia <scp>IIb</scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a neurodevelopmental malformation that often manifests as medically refractory epilepsy. A key histological hallmark of FCD type II is the presence of cytomegalic dysmorphic neurons (CDNs), which are considered to be major contributors to cortical network hyperexcitability. However, the relatively low frequency of CDNs within resected lesions has challenged their unbiased molecular characterization. Here, we leverage deep learning approaches to objectively map key anatomical compartments of FCD IIb and guide regional spatial transcriptomic profiling. Using this approach, we generate an anatomical transcriptional catalog of type IIb FCD, and uncover non-canonical markers of signaling and neurotransmitter pathways in CDNs that may serve as new therapeutic targets for this debilitating disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".