How to Perform Cardiac Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (cCEUS): Part II—Advanced Applications and Interpretation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs, formerly called contrast agents) have enhanced echocardiographic diagnostics of myocardial disease and masses as well as myocardial perfusion abnormalities. This review provides up-to-date guidance on the procedures and interpretations according to current recommendations of imaging societies and considering the results of recent major studies. For the different indications, a standardized approach has been created including technical aspects, pre-assessment and primary scan planes, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) procedure, interpretation and reporting. In a previous publication (part 1) the UEAs, imaging methods, preparation of the patients and assessment of global and regional LV function with UEAs were included. The two parts represent a comprehensive state-of-the-art compendium on how to perform CEUS examinations in clinical echocardiography and provide advice on education, qualification and quality control.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".