Fear of Failure as Motivation: A Novel Conceptualization and Measure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Fear of Failure as Motivation Scale (FOFAMS) addresses the motivational role of fear of failure, which existing measures typically overlook in favor of its negative effects. FOFAMS was developed using a rational-theoretical approach to fill this gap, offering a new tool for examining this aspect in achievement contexts. Two studies examined the scale’s psychometric properties. Study 1 involved item development and an exploratory factor analysis, refining the scale by removing conceptually and psychometrically weaker items. Study 2, with samples of students (N = 385) and sports participants (N = 382), supported the unidimensional structure through confirmatory factor analysis and contributed evidence supporting the scale’s construct validity. FOFAMS showed significant correlations with other constructs hypothesized to relate to fear of failure as motivation. This questionnaire provides a unique perspective, enhancing the understanding of fear of failure’s positive influences on goal pursuit and achievement, and contributing to the broader nomological network of this construct.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".