A geocoded dataset of primary health care clinics in Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We develop a geocoded dataset of primary health care clinics in Brazil. We merge data from three publicly available sources. The first is the National Registry of Healthcare Facilities (CNES-ST), which collects the location (state, municipality, and 8-digit postal code) of all health care facilities, public or private, operating in Brazil. The second is the National Registry of Addresses for Statistical Purposes (IBGE-CNEFE), which contains the geographic coordinates of all addresses in Brazil (including 8-digit postal codes) and serves as the basis for the Brazilian census. Our approach aggregates individual (address-level) coordinates to the 8-digit postal code, and assigns coordinates to primary care clinics based on each clinics' postal code. Using data from a third source, the IBGE shapefiles, we estimate the area of postal codes to evaluate the precision of our geo-referencing method. The unique facility identification number (cnes number) can be used to merge our georeferenced data with other publicly available databases of the Brazilian Unified Health System. The final dataset is an unbalanced panel with monthly observations about 293,698 primary care clinics' locations (i.e. coordinates), from January 2018 to December 2023, totalling 15,455,219 observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".