Community pharmacy services and patient quality of life in Lebanon's socioeconomic crisis: Findings from the IMPHACT-LB study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: In crisis-affected settings like Lebanon, community pharmacists face mounting challenges in securing quality medications and supporting patient care. This study aims to explore the association between pharmacy services, pharmacist-patient relationships, and patient quality of life during Lebanon's ongoing socioeconomic collapse. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2023, using an online convenience sampling. Validated tools, including the 5-Level EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) and EQ visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), were used to assess quality of life among a sample of 865 Lebanese adults recruited via social media platforms. Due to the absence of a national census, random sampling was not feasible, limiting generalizability. Results: = 0.003). Lower scores were associated with a higher number of chronic diseases (Beta = -2.66; p < 0.001), obtaining chronic medications from the pharmacy (Beta = -6.20), frequent pharmacy visits for medical care or counseling (Beta = -7.00; p = 0.003), spending more than 10 min with the pharmacist for counseling about a medication and/or medical condition (Beta = -6.31). Conclusion: This study uniquely quantifies the association between pharmacist-patient interactions and quality of life in a context of systemic disruption. While previous literature has acknowledged pharmacists' roles, our findings demonstrate that their perceived counseling function and continuity of care are independently associated with improved well-being, even after adjusting for socioeconomic and health-related factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".