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Record W4414427261 · doi:10.36834/cmej.82086

Disagreeing respectfully: embracing complexity facilitates civil discourse

2025· review· en· W4414427261 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Ariel Lefkowitz, Jerry M Maniate, Ayelet Kuper

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Medical Education Journal · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicFoucault, Power, and Ethics
Canadian institutionsThe Wilson CentreBruyèreUniversity of OttawaHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Science Centre
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSilenceArgument (complex analysis)IncivilityCivil societyCivil discoursePolarization (electrochemistry)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Polarization and incivility are on the rise, negatively affecting collegiality, workplace relationships, morale, and performance at work. The authors argue for the need for civil discourse in medicine and for embracing complexity as an essential component of that civil discourse, facilitating nuanced thinking, respectful dialogue, and greater understanding of other perspectives. This principle of embracing complexity is congruent with the attitude of physicians, who are trained to tolerate uncertainty and to hold and appreciate multiple perspectives in making diagnoses and choosing and proposing treatment plans. This understanding of civil discourse does not amount to moral relativism, whataboutism, or an embracing of both sides of an argument universally, nor does it serve as a cudgel to silence or to perpetuate hegemonic power. Instead, the principles of civil discourse clarify multiple aspects of the boundaries of professional conduct, outlining how physicians can engage in advocacy for patients and communities while maintaining collegial relationships and the perception that they will be safe providers for all patients. The rights of citizens in democracies, including to engage in peaceful protest and to say anything within the bounds of their country's laws governing free speech, do not extend unabbreviated into the lives of professionals, who are limited by the privileges afforded to them and by the responsibilities they have to their patients and colleagues. By embracing complexity and nuance over simplism and slogans, physician colleagues who disagree with one another can communicate respectfully, advocate professionally, and be safe and effective care providers to all patients.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.055
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.856
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.055
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0230.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.080
GPT teacher head0.450
Teacher spread0.369 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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