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Record W4414441757 · doi:10.1016/j.orp.2025.100355

Development of a robust design optimization algorithm for hierarchical time series pharmaceutical problems

2025· article· en· W4414441757 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueOperations Research Perspectives · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
TopicOptimal Experimental Design Methods
Canadian institutionsNexen (Canada)
FundersNational Research Foundation of Korea
KeywordsQuality by DesignQuality (philosophy)Optimization problemOptimization algorithmHierarchical database modelDesign of experimentsOptimal designDevelopment (topology)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Experimental design and robust design (RD) methodologies have received attention from researchers to improve the performance of many different quality characteristics and solve problems at low costs. However, there is room for improvement to simultaneously solve interdisciplinary optimization problems associated with time-oriented, multiple, and hierarchical responses. This paper proposes a new RD modeling and optimization algorithm for drug development based on three research motivations: Firstly, customized experiments and estimation frameworks for representing pharmaceutical quality characteristics (i.e., time-oriented, multiple, and hierarchical responses) and functional relationships between input factors and hierarchical time-oriented output responses are proposed. Secondly, new hierarchical time-oriented robust design (HTRD) optimization models (i.e., priority-based, weight-based, and integrated models) are developed for these interdisciplinary pharmaceutical formulation problems. Finally, the pharmaceutical case study for drug formulation development is conducted for demonstration purposes. Based on the case study results, the proposed approach can provide optimal solutions with significantly small biases and variances.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.010
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.006
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.228
Threshold uncertainty score0.916

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0100.006
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.357
GPT teacher head0.549
Teacher spread0.192 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it