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Inclusive B-meson flavour-tagging algorithm at LHCb
Ahmed Sameh Wagih Abdelmotteleb, Carlos Abellán Beteta, C. Abellán Beteta, Thomas Ackernley, A. A. Adefisoye, Bernardo Adeva, P. Adlarson, Z. Ajaltouni, K. Carvalho Akiba, Pietro Albicocco, J. Albrecht, S. Amato, Liupan An, L. Anderlini, M. Andersson, S. Arguedas Cuendis, Elie Aslanides, Rita Ataíde da Silva, M. Atzeni, Juliette Authier, D. Bacher, Irene Bachiller Perea, V. Balagura, Z. Baldwin, Luca Balzani, Haoran Bao, S. Barsuk, Justin Bartz, S. Bashir, Piera Battista, A. Bay, M. Becker, I. Bediaga, Noah Albin Behling, I. Belov, I. Belyaev, G. Bencivenni, Eli Ben-Haim, A. Berezhnoy, A. Berezhnoy, C. Betancourt, F. Betti, J. Bex, Ia. Bezshyiko, J. Bhom, M. S. Bieker, N. V. Biesuz, Pierre Billoir, A. Biolchini, F. C. R. Bishop, T. Blake, Jonah Evan Blank, J. A. Boelhauve, T. Boettcher, C. S. Bolognani, R. Bolzonella, Riccardo Bonacci, N. Bondar, M. Borsato, J. T. Borsuk, S. A. Bouchiba, Marcelo Bovill, T. J. V. Bowcock, C. Bozzi, J. Brodzicka, E. Buchanan, Jan Buytaert, Hao Cai, M. Calvi, P. Campana, D. H. Cámpora Pérez, L. Capriotti, R. Cardinale, L. Carus, A. Casais Vidal, Felipe Cesário Laterza Lopes, Ph. Charpentier, Ph. Charpentier, R. Cheaib, Zewen Chen, Mostafa Cherif, A. Chernov, Xenofon Chiotopoulos, Veronika Chobanova, M. Chrząszcz, A. Chubykin, Peter Clarke, J. Closier, Julien Cogan, E. Cogneras, Spencer Edward Collaviti, Paula Collins, T. Colombo, M. Colonna, James Connaughton, N. Cooke, Anthony Correia, D. C. Craik, M. Cruz Torres, R. Currie, L. Dai, Elena Dall'Occo, J. Daniel, Gabriella Darze, Oscar de Aguiar Francisco, S. De Capua, Michel de Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, E. De Lucia, L. De Paula, L. De Paula, P. De Simone, P. De Simone, L. Del Buono, J. Deng, V. Denysenko, O. Deschamps, F. Dettori, P. Di Nezza, Y. Ding, V. Dobishuk, Alex Patrick Doheny, Lea Marie Sophie Dreyfus, Weisong Duan, V. Duk, Paolo Durante, M. M. Duras, Sajan Easo, Ellinor Eckstein, V. Egorychev, Jan Hendrik Ellbracht, S. Ely, S. Esen, Timothy Evans, Saba Faghih, R. Fantechi, L. Fantini, D. Fazzini, Mingjie Feng, M. Féo, M. Fernandez Gomez, M. Ferro-Luzzi, S. Filippov, Rosa Anna Fini, D. S. Fitzgerald, F. Fleuret, Marianna Fontana, M. Fontana, M. Frank, G. Frau, C. Frei, D. A. Friday, G. Galati, M. D. Galati, Domenico Galli, S. Gambetta, M. Gandelman, Yuanning Gao, Yuxi Gao, L. M. Garcia Martin, P. Gardner, Kunal Garg, C. Gaspar, M. Gersabeck, Timothy Gershon, Simon Ghizzo, V. Gibson, M. Giovannetti, Lucas George Girardey, M. A. Giza, V. V. Gligorov, C. Göbel, E. Golobardes, Wojciech Gomułka, F. Goncalves Abrantes, Guanghua Gong, E. Govorkova, Luis Alberto Granado Cardoso, G. Graziani, L. M. Greeven, Lucia Grillo, Laetitia Guerry, Abdul-Kerim Guseinov, T. Gys, Kai Sebastian Habermann, T. Hadavizadeh, C. Hadjivasiliou, Samuel James Haken, Phoebe Meredith Hamilton, J. Hammerich, Qundong Han, Neville Harnew, Sabin Hashmi, Andreea-Irina Hedes, R. D. L. Henderson, A. Hicheur, Guillermo Hijano Mendizabal, Ruiwen Hou, W. Hulsbergen, W. D. Hulsbergen, P. Ilten, Axel Iohner, К. Ившин, E. Jans, Z. Jiao, Xiaojie Jiang, Y. Jiang, Esteban Jimenez Moya, Nicholas Jindal, Allen Cris John Rubesh Rajan, B. Jost, Michael James Kane, M. Karacson, Anni Kauniskangas, M. K. Kazanecki, Matthew Kenzie, T. Kirn, Veronica Soelund Kirsebom, S. Klaver, M. R. Kmiec, Serhii Koliiev, Lars Kolk, P. Kopciewicz, P. Koppenburg, S. Kotriakhova, Leonid Kravchuk, Pavel Krokovny, W. Krupa, W. Krzemień, Oleksandr Kshyvanskyi, Sebastian Antoni Kubis, M. Kucharczyk, Bogdan Kutsenko, Paloma Laguarta Gonzalez, A. Lai, D. Lancierini, J. J. Lane, Ho Sang Lee, B. Leverington, A. Li, C. Li, Kechen Li, Manshu Li, Peilian Li, P. R. Li, Qinze Li, Tiange Li, Tianqi Li, Yanru Li, Y. Li, Zhengchen Lian, Z. Lian, Xixin Liang, Z. Liang, Simone Libralon, Guoming Liu, Y. Liu, Ying Liu, Yiwei Liu, Guillermo Ordóñez, J. H. Lopes, Q. Lu, C. Lucarelli, Miriam Lucio Martínez, Y. Luo, Xiao-Rui Lyu, X. -R. Lyu, F. Maciuc, I. Mackay, M. J. Madurai, Daniel Magdalinski, L. Malentacca, T. Maltsev, G. Manca, Federico Manganella, Daniele Manuzzi, R. Marchevski, J. Marks, G. Martelli, G. Martellotti, Alexia Martorell Granollers, K. R. Mattioli, Pierre Paul Louis Mayencourt, Michael Mccann, N. T. McHugh, B. Meadows, P. Perez, Marcel Merk, T. Miralles, B. Mitreska, T. Mombächer, M. J. Morello, Wouter Morren, A. G. Morris, Zeqing Mu, K. Müller, Paras Naik, Raja Nandakumar, I. Nasteva, Nicola Neri, P. Neustroev, J. Nicolini, N. Nikitin, Qile Niu, Pedro Nogarolli, C. Normand, C. Nunez, V. Obraztsov, Τ. Oeser, O. Okhrimenko, P. Owen, A. Padee, K. O. Padeken, T. Pajero, M. Palutan, S. Panebianco, G. Panshin, L. Paolucci, A. Papanestis, L. L. Pappalardo, C. Parkes, Dhruvanshu Parmar, B. Passalacqua, M. Patel, J. Patoc, A. Pellegrino, D. Pereima, A. Pereiro Castro, P. Perret, A. Perrevoort, K. Petridis, Serena Pezzulo, Jacob Pfaller, H. Pham, B. Pietrzyk, G. Pietrzyk, V. Placinta, M. Poli Lener, A. Poluektov, S. Ponce, S. Poslavskii, K. Prasanth, Shah Rukh Qasim, Qucheng Qian, Ruta Racz, J. H. Rademacker, Victoria Ramos de Oliveira, M. Ramos Pernas, G. Raven, F. Redi, P. K. Resmi, Gabriel Ricart, S. Ricciardi, M. Richardson-Slipper, P. Robbe, E. Rodrigues, Jonas Malte Roensch, A. Romero Vidal, M. S. Rudolph, R. A. Ruiz Fernandez, Medaer Sacha Emile R., S. E. R. Sacha Emile R., D. Sahoo, N. Sahoo, Matteo Salomoni, Cibran Santamarina Rios, L. Santoro, A. Saputi, Andrej Sarnatskiy, G. Sarpis, C. Satriano, A. Satta, D. Savrina, Stefan Schael, S. Scherl, M. Schiller, M. Schmelling, B. Schmidt, S. Schmitt, H. Schmitz, O. Schneider, A. Schopper, Georg Schwering, A. Sciuccati, Mara Senghi Soares, A. Sergi, L. Sestini, Desmond Mzamo Shangase, M. Shapkin, T. Shears, Yuya Shimizu, E. Shmanin, G. Simi, Mrityunjoy Singha, T. Skwarnicki, E. Smith, K. Smith, M. D. Sokoloff, F. J. P. Soler, A. Solomin, Niclas Sommerfeld, Yuxiang Song, Bruno Souza de Paula, E. Spedicato, J. G. Speer, F. Stagni, M. Stahl, S. Stahl, S. Stanislaus, E. N. Stein, Holger Stevens, Fidan Suljik, F. Suljik, W. Sutcliffe, Yinghua Tan, Yong Tang, Yuxuan Tang, A. Terentev, Francesco Terzuoli, E. Thomas, Alexander Robert Thomson-Strong, Mark Tobin, T. Todorov, L. Tomassetti, X. Tong, D. Torres Machado, C. Trippl, N. Tuning, D. J. Unverzagt, Benjamin Urbach, Vincenzo Vagnoni, G. Valenti, J. Van Eldik, Eric van Herwijnen, E. van Herwijnen, C. B. Van Hulse, M. van Veghel, Carlos Vázquez Sierra, M. Veltri, Michele Verdoglia, Maria Vieites Diaz, X. Vilasis-Cardona, Beatriz Vivacqua, J. Wagner, J. Walsh, E. J. Walton, A. Wang, B. Wang, G. Wang, Jialu Wang, Jike Wang, N. W. Wang, Xiaolin Wang, Xiaohan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Yinghao Wang, Z. Wang, J. A. Ward, Benedict Donald C Westhenry, Benedict Donald C Westhenry, M. Whitehead, Eleanor Whiter, A. R. Wiederhold, Max Wiegertjes, G. Wilkinson, G. Wilkinson, Morag Jean Williams, M. Williams, Fergus Wilson, F. F. Wilson, W. Wiślicki, L. Witola, Thomas Wolf, S. Wotton, Hangyi Wu, Xiangyu Wu, Z. Wu, K. Wyllie, Yuehong Xie, M. Xu, Zhihao Xu, Z. Xu, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, V. Yeroshenko, H. Yin, E. Zaffaroni, Francesco Zenesini, M. Zeng, Liming Zhang, Shulei Zhang, Yanxi Zhang, Yuge Zhang, Ya Zhao, Xutao Zheng, Y. Zhou, X. L. Zhu, D. Zuliani, G. Zunica
Bibliographic record
VenueJournal of High Energy Physics · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Victoria
FundersFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilAustralian Research Data CommonsSorbonne UniversitéCAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsMax Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsRégion Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesRWTH Aachen UniversityFinanciadora de Estudos e ProjetosUniversité de FribourgCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroMax-Planck-GesellschaftU.S. Department of EnergyNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaVetenskapsrådetDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronGeneralitat ValencianaAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungInstitute of High Energy PhysicsNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekAgence Nationale de la RechercheCERNMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftUniversity College DublinMinisterul Cercetării, Inovării şi DigitalizăriiNuclear PhysicsInstitutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara 'Horia Hulubei'Universität HeidelbergEuropean CommissionRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnUniversité Paris DiderotLeverhulme TrustTechnische Universität DortmundNational Science FoundationUK Research and InnovationVrije Universiteit Amsterdam
KeywordsMesonLarge Hadron ColliderCollisionFlavourProduction (economics)Energy (signal processing)
Abstract
A bstract A new algorithm is developed to identify the flavour of neutral B mesons at production in pp collisions by utilising all tracks from the hadronisation process. The algorithm is calibrated separately for B 0 and $$ {B}_s^0 $$ B s 0 mesons using B 0 → J / ψK + π − and $$ {B}_s^0\to {D}_s^{-}{\pi}^{+} $$ B s 0 → D s − π + decays from pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. This new algorithm improves the tagging power by 35% for B 0 mesons and 20% for $$ {B}_s^0 $$ B s 0 mesons when compared to the combined performance of the existing LHCb flavour-tagging algorithms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.022
Threshold uncertainty score0.073
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreMethods
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes