Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A fascinating form of musical variation occurs when an original popular song is covered by another artist or band. With the representation of diverse styles and identities in mind, this chapter analyzes the following recordings: progressive thrash metal band Voivod, covering Pink Floyd’s progressive rock song “Astronomy Domine”; metalcore band Killswitch Engage, covering Dio’s classic heavy metal song “Holy Diver”; experimental metal band Boris, covering My Bloody Valentine’s shoegaze song “Sometimes”; and progressive metal band Oceans of Slumber, covering “Strange Fruit,” by Billie Holiday and a version by Nina Simone. Employing the concept of refraction as a framework to understand what emerges when these songs traverse the expressive elements of metal music, these analytic studies demonstrate how each of the songs offers both formal and sonic space for metal music expression to engage with and vary the original. Sound entails textures, timbres, intensity, and spatial properties; form entails structural elements such as phrase design and function as well as rhythm and pitch content. Based upon analytic observations of the sonic and formal properties of both an original song and a cover version, the chapter offers interpretive perspectives on the musical subjectivities that emerge from the variations introduced in the cover.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".