Imprint of eutrophication on methane-cycling microbes in freshwater sediment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Eutrophication can alter methane (CH4) cycling in lakes, yet its long-term effect on sediment microbial communities remains unclear. To elucidate these effects, we analyzed a 400-year-old sediment record from the historically eutrophied Lake Joux, Switzerland, combining porewater and solid-phase geochemistry with 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. Lithological and chemical stratification defined three intervals (deep eutrophic, middle carbonate, upper eutrophic) that were correlated with changes in organic matter sources. Methanogens were clearly depth-partitioned: methylotrophic Methanomassiliicoccales dominated deep eutrophic sediments, whereas hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales increased upward in shallower, more recent sediments with fresher organic matter. Paired isotopic data support this substrate-driven shift in CH4 production. Although O2 was not detected below ~0.4 cm, sequences of aerobic gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs (Crenothrix and Methylobacter) were abundant in surface sediments down to ~20 cm sediment depth, correlating with NO3- and PO43- concentrations. The absence of anaerobic methanotrophs and C-isotopic evidence for ongoing methane oxidation suggests that these O2-requiring, methane monooxygenase-utilizing Methylococcales constitute the dominant CH4 sink in these surface sediments. These findings reveal that eutrophication can cause a stratification of methane-cycling microbial communities, highlighting the role of sedimentary legacies in regulating benthic CH4 emissions from freshwater ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".