A plant RNA virus hijacks a dual-specificity phosphatase to attenuate MAPK-mediated immunity for robust infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, their regulation during viral infection and the mechanisms by which viruses counteract these defenses remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana atypical dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) DSP4 negatively regulates plant immunity against turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a member of the Potyviridae family. Subcellular localization, fractionation, and mutagenesis revealed that DSP4 is anchored to the cellular membrane via its C-terminus. Notably, only the membrane-bound form of DSP4 interacts with and dephosphorylates the MAPKs, MPK6 and MPK3, which redundantly restrict TuMV infection. Furthermore, TuMV P3 protein binds to DSP4, maintaining it on the membrane to dephosphorylate MPKs, whereas DSP4 is typically released from the membrane during immune priming. These findings unveil a molecular mechanism wherein TuMV P3 exploits this membrane-associated phosphatase to dampen MAPK-mediated immunity and promote virus infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".