SPAED: harnessing AlphaFold output for accurate segmentation of phage endolysin domains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARY: SPAED is an accessible tool for the accurate segmentation of protein domains that leverages information contained in the predicted aligned error (PAE) matrix obtained from AlphaFold to better identify domain-linker boundaries and detect terminal disordered regions. On a dataset of 376 bacteriophage endolysins (proteins that degrade the bacterial cell wall), SPAED achieves a mean intersect-over-union score of 96% and a domain-boundary-distance score of 89% compared to 94% and 70%, respectively, for the state-of-the-art tool Chainsaw. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Implemented in Python, SPAED is accessible on the web (https://spaed.ca) and available for download from https://github.com/Rousseau-Team/spaed or https://pypi.org/project/spaed. The data used to test SPAED can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15285860.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".