Hybrid GelMA-HAMA hydrogels incorporating dexamethasone-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for controlled release and osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue regeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Characterization of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/ hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels. • A single emulsion synthesized dexamethasone-loaded poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (DEX-PLGA NPs). • 2. The DEX-PLGA NPs were incorporated into the polymeric hydrogels to achieve a controlled and sustained drug release. • The physicochemical properties of the NP-loaded hydrogels were not affected by the incorporation of DEX- PLGA NPs. • In vitro studies showed that these hybrid hydrogels are biocompatible and present excellent cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation properties. • The sustained release of dexamethasone ensures the progressive osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSC) within the scaffold The development of novel approaches to bone regeneration remains a challenge in medicine. For such, the control release of biochemical factors appears key to successfully regulate the regeneration process. In this work, the characterization of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels that incorporated dexamethasone-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (DEX-PLGA NPs) was explored as potential scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. The DEX-PLGA NPs were synthesized and incorporated into the polymeric hydrogels to achieve a controlled and sustained release of the drug in order to ensure the progressive osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSC) within the scaffold. The physicochemical properties of the NP-loaded hydrogels were not affected by the incorporation of DEX-PLGA NPs. In vitro studies demonstrated that these hybrid hydrogels are biocompatible and presented excellent cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation properties promoted by the sustained release of dexamethasone as observed, for example, by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, which confirmed large concentrations of phosphate ions after the first 14 days of incubation. Furthermore, Alizarin Red S staining corroborated a good mineralization, indicative of effective bone matrix formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".